发布时间:2024-04-13 12:38
变更时间:星期六 13日 四月 2024 12:38:48

Britain's love affair with coffee

Did you have a cup of coffee this morning, Neil?
Oh yes, I can't start the day without my morning cup of coffee... or two... or three!
And what do you like about coffee so much?
Well, that lovely smell for one thing! And, of course, it wakes me up and gets me ready to face the world.
Ah, you mean the caffeine hit - the effect of caffeine, which is a natural stimulant, on your brain making you feel more awake. Do you think, maybe, you're... addicted to coffee?
It's not just me, Sam. Have you seen how busy coffee shops are nowadays?! Full of people enjoying delicious coffee from all around the world!
Well, it wasn't always like that, Neil. The first coffee to reach Britain in the 17th century took months to arrive by sea. It was made by boiling raw coffee beans, and apparently tasted awful!
In this programme, we'll be looking into the history of coffee in Britain, and as usual, we'll be learning some related vocabulary too.
But before that, I have a question for you. The earliest coffee to arrive in Britain took its name from the port in Yemen it was shipped from. So, what was it called? Was it:
a) Cappuccino? b) Mocha? or c) Latte?
I'll say b) Mocha.
OK. I'll reveal the answer later in the programme.

		   
你今天早上喝咖啡了吗，尼尔？
哦，是的，我每天早上都要喝咖啡，或者两杯，三杯！
你为什么这么喜欢咖啡呢？
首先，它闻起来很香 当然，它还能唤醒我，让我准备好面对这个世界。
啊，你是说咖啡因的刺激--咖啡因是一种天然兴奋剂，它对大脑的作用让你感觉更清醒。你觉得，也许你......对咖啡上瘾了？
不只是我，山姆 你见过现在的咖啡店有多热闹吗？满满的人在享受来自世界各地的美味咖啡
以前可不是这样的，尼尔 17 世纪，第一批咖啡通过海运抵达英国，历时数月。咖啡是用生咖啡豆煮出来的，味道显然很糟糕！
在本期节目中，我们将了解咖啡在英国的历史，并一如既往地学习一些相关词汇。
但在此之前，我有一个问题要问大家。最早运抵英国的咖啡的名字来源于它的发运地也门港口。那么，它叫什么名字呢？是 
a)卡布奇诺、   b)摩卡   c)还是拿铁？
我说是 b) 摩卡。
好吧。我稍后会在节目中揭晓答案。
		
	

Britain's love affair with coffee started with the opening of London's first coffee shop in 1652. People loved the effect - coffee made them more talkative and brighter, it kept them awake for longer, and the drink became more and more popular. Within a decade over eighty new coffee shops had opened in the City of London alone.

		   
英国对咖啡极大热情始于 1652 年伦敦第一家咖啡店的开张。人们喜欢这种效果--咖啡让他们更健谈、更聪明，让他们保持清醒的时间更长，于是这种饮料变得越来越受欢迎。十年间，仅伦敦市就新开了 80 多家咖啡店。
		
	

By the 1800s, though, tea had replaced coffee as the most fashionable drink, partly because it was drunk by Queen Victoria. Listen as Judith Hawley, an expert on 18th century literature, takes up the story with BBC Radio 4 programme, In Our Time.
It became more of a working-class drink. So, there were coffee shacks and carts like these sort of little street carts that you get still in London, and you get all over New York, that is a cheap, quick drinks to perk you up. And the Temperance Movement sponsored coffee taverns to try to wean working men off going to the pub for lunch. So, it moved. It declined seriously and has never fully recovered even in the current coffee boom.

		   
但到了 19 世纪，茶已取代咖啡成为最时髦的饮品，部分原因是维多利亚女王也喝茶。18 世纪文学专家朱迪斯-霍利（Judith Hawley）在 BBC 广播 4 台节目《我们的时代》中讲述了这个故事。
它更像是一种工人阶级的饮品。于是，出现了咖啡棚和咖啡车，就像现在在伦敦和纽约随处可见的街头小推车一样，这是一种廉价的快餐饮品，能让人精神振奋。禁酒运动赞助咖啡馆，试图让上班族不再去酒吧吃午饭。于是，它搬走了。咖啡馆严重衰落，即使在当前的咖啡热潮中也没有完全恢复。
		
	

In the 17th century there was a coffee boom - an increase in its popularity. One of the reasons was that coffee perks you up - gives you more energy and makes you more active. Drinking coffee was also supported by a social group called the Temperance Movement, who campaigned to make alcohol illegal. They used coffee to wean men off alcohol - make them gradually stop using something they had become addicted to.

		   
17 世纪曾出现过咖啡热潮--咖啡越来越受欢迎。原因之一是咖啡能让人精神振奋--让人精力充沛、更加活跃。喝咖啡还得到了一个名为 "节制运动"（Temperance Movement）的社会团体的支持，该团体发起了一场将酒精列为非法的运动。他们用咖啡来让人们戒酒--让他们逐渐停止使用已经上瘾的东西。
		
	

Coffee changed British society and continues to do so today. Here's Professor Judith Hawley again, talking to BBC Radio 4's, In Our Time, about the situation today.
I think if we look at the way coffee consumption is going today it seems to me to set out two quite radical alternatives for the world. One is the world of corporate coffee, the coffee chains existing on a low wage economy. So, you have that kind of mass coffee market on the one hand. On the other hand you have these microlot estates, "Fairtrade coffee", the sort of hipster coffee which is as varied and as interesting as fine wines and is made in an artisanal way.

		   
咖啡改变了英国社会，并一直延续至今。下面是朱迪斯-霍利（Judith Hawley）教授在接受 BBC 广播 4 台《我们的时代》节目采访时再次谈到的当今形势。
我认为，如果我们审视当今的咖啡消费方式，就会发现它为世界提出了两个相当激进的选择。一个是企业咖啡的世界，即以低工资经济为基础的咖啡连锁店。因此，一方面是大众咖啡市场。另一方面，则是那些微批次庄园、公平贸易咖啡、时髦的咖啡，它们就像优质葡萄酒一样种类繁多、趣味盎然，而且都是以手工方式制作的。
		
	

Many customers today are turning away from large coffee chains like Starbucks, in search of a more responsibly sourced cup of coffee. One example of this is Fairtrade, an ethical standards scheme which guarantees a fair price for coffee producers in South America, Africa and Asia. Another recent development is the use of microlots - small plots of land which grow specialised coffee beans prized for their high quality and unique flavour. Fairtrade and microlot coffee are part of a shift in focus towards quality, artisanal coffee - coffee made by hand, in the traditional way by skilled growers.

		   
如今，许多顾客开始放弃星巴克等大型咖啡连锁店，转而寻求更负责任的咖啡。其中一个例子就是公平贸易，这是一项道德标准计划，保证南美、非洲和亚洲的咖啡生产商获得公平的价格。另一个最新发展是使用微型地块（microlots）--小块土地上种植的专业咖啡豆因其高品质和独特风味而备受青睐。公平贸易和微型地块咖啡是向优质手工咖啡转变的一部分，手工咖啡是由熟练的种植者以传统方式手工制作的咖啡。
		
	

It's artisanal coffee that's often sold in smaller, independent coffee shops preferred by trendy hipsters. So, coffee in Britain has come a long way from the days it travelled for months by sea from faraway places like Ethiopia and Java - which reminds me, Sam, what was the answer to your question. I asked Neil which city gave its name to the first coffee to arrive in Britain in the 1600s.
I guessed it was b) Mocha, which happens to be my favourite drink.
Well, you guessed right because that was the correct answer! You certainly know your coffee, Neil.

		   
这种手工制作的咖啡通常在时尚潮人喜欢的小型独立咖啡店出售。因此，与从埃塞俄比亚和爪哇等遥远地方历经数月海运而来的咖啡相比，英国的咖啡已经有了长足的进步--这让我想起了山姆，你的问题的答案是什么。我问尼尔，16 世纪第一批咖啡抵达英国时，是哪个城市给咖啡命名的。我猜是 b) 摩卡，而摩卡恰好是我最喜欢的饮料。
好吧你猜对了，因为这就是正确答案！尼尔，你还真懂咖啡。
		
	

Right, let's recap the vocabulary we've used in this programme on the history of coffee,
a drink which can perk you up - give you more energy and make you feel awake.
The effect can be so strong you might have to wean yourself off it - gradually stop using something which is bad for you.
Fairtrade coffee refers to a scheme which ensures that coffee farmers receive a fair price for growing their product、
while a microlot is a small plot of land specialising in coffee beans of a very high quality or unique flavour.
Finally, artisanal describes something made by artisans - skilled workers who make things by hand in a traditional way.

		   
好了，让我们来回顾一下我们在这个关于咖啡历史的节目中使用过的词汇，
咖啡是一种能让人振奋的饮品，它能给你带来更多能量，让你感觉清醒。
咖啡的效果可能会非常强烈，你可能不得不逐渐戒掉它--逐渐停止使用对你有害的东西。
公平贸易咖啡指的是一项确保咖啡种植者在种植咖啡时获得公平价格的计划，
而微型地块是指专门种植高品质或独特风味咖啡豆的小块土地。
最后，"artisanal "指的是由工匠--以传统方式手工制作的熟练工人--制作的东西。