发布时间:2024-03-06 13:18
变更时间:星期三 6日 三月 2024 13:18:51
Coffee
In this programme, we're going to be talking about coffee.
Mm, coffee. I've actually got one here in front of me, Rob.
Oh, right! What kind of coffee are you drinking?
It's a skinny latte. And what's that that you've got?
Well, I've gone for a flat white today. Mm, that tastes good.
Mm, looks good too!
汉译
在这期节目，我们将讨论咖啡
哦咖啡，实际上我面前正有一杯，Rob
是吗是什么咖啡？
是低脂拿铁，你呢？
我今天喝了杯馥芮白，味道很不错
emm，听着也不错~
The market for the world's most popular drink has come a long way since the days of instant coffee, when we just added boiling water to some brown powder.
Yes, that's very true, Neil. After that came the giants like Starbucks and Costa Coffee who made coffee drinking trendy and a lifestyle statement. People are far moreaware of what they're drinking these days.
汉译
速溶咖啡成为世界上最受欢迎的饮料已经发展了很长一段路了，当时我们只需要往一些棕色粉末中加入沸水。
是的，尼尔，这话说得很对。接着出现了像星巴克和 Costa Coffee 这样的巨头，他们使咖啡饮用变得时尚且成为一种生活方式的表达。如今，人们对自己喝的东西更加了解。
Mm, but, Rob, I don't think we should forget what lies behind the coffee we enjoy every day. It's a hugely complicated business.
Yes, it's the second biggest commodity in the world, after oil. That means the price of coffee is changing every day, every hour even, as traders speculate about the price. And it means farmers in countries like Ethiopia, Costa Rica and Brazil are dependent on the deals that are made in commodity markets thousands of miles from their farms. It makes them extremely vulnerable.
汉译
嗯，但是，Rob，我认为我们不应该忘记我们每天享受的咖啡背后的东西。这是一个非常复杂的行业。
是的，它是世界上第二大商品，仅次于石油。这意味着咖啡的价格每天都在变化，甚至每小时都在变化，因为交易商们在猜测价格。这意味着埃塞俄比亚、哥斯达黎加和巴西等国家的农民依赖于成千上万英里外商品市场上达成的交易。这让他们变得极其脆弱。
Let's listen to food journalist Sheila Dillon as she explains the impact of coffee markets on local growers. She uses an expression that means 'has a big effect'. Can you tell me what it is?
What happens in the coffee market makes waves around the globe. Entire national economies depend on the price of coffee. It's the key to whether individual farmers can provide for their families, face unemployment and ultimately whether whole communities stay on the land or trek to the cities.
She said 'makes waves'. This means 'have a big effect'. She also used the expression 'provide for' their families. This means the farmer's family have enough income to live comfortably.
汉译
让我们听听食品记者希拉·迪伦解释了咖啡市场对当地种植者的影响。她使用了一个意味着“产生重大影响”的表达。这个表达是“make waves”，意思是在全球范围内引起轰动。整个国家的经济都取决于咖啡的价格。这决定了个体农民能否养家糊口，面临失业的可能性，最终决定了整个社区是留在农村还是迁徙到城市。
她说“make waves”。这意味着“产生重大影响”。她还使用了表达“provide for their families”。这意味着农民的家庭有足够的收入过上舒适的生活。
Good. Right. So, what about our quiz question today? Neil, do you know many cups of coffee are drunk worldwide each year? Is it a) 38 billion? b) 400 billion? Or c) 950 billion?
Well, it's going to be a huge number, of course, but I still think I'll go for the lowest figure, which is 38 billion.
OK, well, we'll see if you've got the answer right at the end of the programme.
汉译
好的。对了。那么我们今天的问答问题呢？尼尔，你知道全球每年喝掉多少杯咖啡吗？是a) 380亿杯？b) 4000亿杯？还是c) 9500亿杯？ 嗯，当然会是一个巨大的数字，但我仍然认为我会选择最低的数字，即380亿杯。 好的，我们会在节目结束时看看你是否答对了。
Now, the price of coffee has 'soared' - that means 'gone up quickly' - in recent years, Rob. Surely that's good for everyone involved in the business?
I believe the profit margins for coffee are amongst the highest in the world. I can't see what all the fuss is about.
Well, Neil, just because the price is high, it doesn't mean that everyone benefits. It all depends on how the profits are distributed. You see, there are countless transactions between the grower and the drinker. A grower can have a really good crop, but the amount he makes stays the same, or can even fall.
Mm, I see the problem. I expect most of the profits go to the commodity traders and very little to the individual growers of the bean. It sounds like the growers have no control.
汉译
现在，近年来咖啡价格飙升 - 这意味着价格迅速上涨 - 罗布。这对所有参与其中的人都是好事吗？ 我相信咖啡的利润率在世界范围内是最高的。我看不出有什么大惊小怪的。 嗯，尼尔，价格高并不意味着每个人都受益。这完全取决于利润如何分配。你看，种植者和饮用者之间有无数的交易。一个种植者可能有一次非常好的收成，但他赚到的钱却保持不变，甚至可能下降。 嗯，我明白问题所在了。我想大部分利润都流向了商品交易商，而很少流向咖啡豆的个体种植者。听起来种植者没有任何控制权。
That's what happens in other agricultural sectors.
I'm afraid so. Of course, some people are trying to distribute the profits more widely and they have been having some success.
Yes, I heard about some small-scale projects where the company takes charge of the whole process from field to shop.
Yes, these organisations tend to farm organically. This is very 'labour intensive' — that means a lot of people are employed — and it creates a lot of jobs for people within the local community. In this way, they are not victims of market fluctuations.
汉译
这种情况也发生在其他农业领域。 我恐怕是这样。当然，有些人正在努力将利润更广泛地分配，他们取得了一些成功。 是的，我听说过一些小规模项目，公司负责从田间到商店的整个流程。 是的，这些组织倾向于有机种植。这是非常“劳动密集的”——意思是雇佣了很多人——并且为当地社区内的人们创造了很多工作机会。这样一来，他们就不会成为市场波动的受害者。
Let's listen to Leo Virmani, who runs a small plantation like this in Costa Rica. What's the verb he uses for putting the coffee in a box before selling it?
For our plantation, the approach we have is to go through every step of the way, every step of the process, so that we grow it, we pick it, we process it in the mill. Then eventually, we'll roast it, we'll package it, and we sell it as the small plantation we are. And that would allow us to stay, or be, profitable at the end of the day.
So, he used the verb 'package', which means put a product in a packet or box before selling it. And he said his community can stay 'profitable' — this means they can always maintain profits or make money.
Well, it's good to know that small growers can live reasonably comfortably, despite what the world markets are doing.
汉译
让我们听听Leo Virmani，他在哥斯达黎加经营着一个类似这样的小型种植园。他在销售咖啡之前都有哪些动作？
对于我们的种植园，我们的方法是一步一步地走过每一个阶段，每一个过程，我们种植它，采摘它，在工厂里加工它。然后最终，我们会烘焙它，包装它，作为我们这个小型种植园的产品出售。这样一来，我们最终能够保持或获得利润。
所以，他使用了动词'package'，意思是在销售之前将产品放入包装盒或袋子中。他说他的社区可以保持“profitable”——这意味着他们可以始终保持利润或赚钱。 嗯，知道小农户可以过得相对舒适，尽管世界市场的情况如何，这是件好事。
The next time I grab a takeaway coffee, I'll try to remember all the politics involved in the production process.
Yes, me too. So, shall we have the answer to the quiz question now?
Yes. You asked me how many cups of coffee are drunk worldwide each year: 38 billion, 400 billion or 950 billion? And I guessed 38 billion.
Mm, I'm afraid you're wrong. The answer is actually 400 billion.
No way. That's incredible.
Yes, it's an extraordinary statistic.
汉译
下次我买外带咖啡时，我会试着记住生产过程中涉及的所有政治因素。 是的，我也是。那么我们现在来揭晓一下问答问题的答案吧？ 是的。你问我全球每年喝掉多少杯咖啡：380亿、4000亿还是9500亿？我猜是380亿。 嗯，恐怕你错了。答案实际上是4000亿。 不可能。太不可思议了。 是的，这是一个非凡的统计数据。
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